Chronic Sinusitis’s Impact on Asthma
Asthmatics can add chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) as a related condition, and one that has a significant health impact, researchers say.
In a study, patients with asthma who also had a chronic bronchial condition were the most likely to have CRS. And they felt the effects of this disease combination. The findings were presented at the 2022 annual meeting of the AAAAI (American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology).
To conduct the study, researchers from Northwestern and Johns Hopkins universities analyzed medical records from 1988 to 2021 on those with asthma, who had CRS and/or bronchiectasis. In the latter chronic condition, the airway walls become thick and damaged. The patient experiences mucus buildup, coughing, and lung infections.
The sinus condition CRS lasts for more than 12 weeks, even with medication. Symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pressure and a thick nasal discharge.
The team studied records spanning more than three decades to capture as many patients as possible, and to follow asthmatics who did not initially have bronchiectasis, says study author Dr. Margaret Kim.
To measure the impact of CRS on patients with asthma and bronchiectasis, the researchers examined the use of medication, such as antibiotics and oral corticosteroids. As well, they looked at the need for urgent health care. Of the 5,038 patients identified with asthma, 19 percent had bronchiectasis, 39 percent had CRS, and 10 percent had both conditions.
The study found that 51 percent of asthmatics who had bronchiectasis were more likely to have CRS than patients without it (36 percent).
Need for Medical Attention
The findings point to greater use of health-care resources among that 51 percent of asthmatic patients. The use of medications and the rate of hospital admissions and emergency room visits were all higher. The researchers conclude that CRS is an important to be aware of, especially in asthma patients with bronchiectasis.
The study is important as more patients are being diagnosed with bronchiectasis. The condition is associated with high health-care costs and requirements, said Kim.
“This knowledge helps identify patients who need more medical attention,” said the clinical fellow in allergy and immunology at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine.
To help the identification process, providers can routinely ask about symptoms of CRS in patients who have asthma and bronchiectasis, and patients with CRS. Kim says patients with CRS should also be screened for bronchiectasis if they have symptoms that could suggest the condition, such as a cough with phlegm and difficulty controlling asthma.
Asthma Relief for All Seasons
Patients taking the biologic drug tezepelumab experienced fewer asthma exacerbations during all seasons throughout the year than those taking the placebo as part of a Phase 3 clinical trial, data show.
Researchers focused on asthma exacerbations based on each season when they analyzed the results of the study called Navigator. That trial divided more than 1,000 teen and adult patients with poorly controlled asthma and frequent exacerbations into two groups. Participants received a shot of either tezepelumab or placebo every four weeks for a year (but did not know which, as the trial was “blinded”). The participants also remained on their standard asthma regimens of inhaled corticosteroid inhalers, plus at least one additional controller medication.
Tezepelumab reduced the annualized asthma exacerbation rate in the 528 patients taking the drug by 63 percent in winter. The reduction rate for spring was 46 percent in spring, 62 percent in summer, and 54 percent in fall. Compared to those taking the placebo, patients taking tezepelumab had fewer exacerbations in winter (81.7 percent vs. 66.6 percent), spring (84.3 percent vs 76.3 percent), summer (86.8 percent vs 73.1 percent) and fall (79.4 percent vs. 66.6 percent), the study found. The trial results were presented at the 2022 AAAAI meeting.
Tezepelumab is a monoclonal antibody designed to work at an early stage of immune system response in the airways, blocking TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin). TSLP is a type of cytokine, or signaling molecule, that triggers immune defenses. In response to a trigger, TSLP cytokines set off a cascade of airway inflammation that leads to asthma symptoms.
In December 2021, the FDA approved Tezspire (tezepelumab-ekko) injection as an add-on maintenance treatment to improve severe asthma symptoms when used with a patient’s current asthma medicine.
Related Reading:
AAAAI 2022 News: Mast Cell Disorder Patients Tolerating COVID-19 Vaccine
AAAAI 2021: Tezepelumab in Severe Asthma; Palforzia OIT Safety Findings
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